Piping Related Questions and Answers
Q . Which code and Standard are used in Oil and Gas?
A S M E โ American Society of Mechanical Engineer
ASTM โ American Society for Testing and Material
AWWA โ American Water Work Association
API โ American Petroleum Institute
AWS โ American Welding Society
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Q . Which Code is used for Process piping and power piping?
ASME B31.1 โ Power Piping
ASME B31.3 โ Process Piping
ASME B31.4 โ Pipeline Transportation System for Liquid and Slurries
ASME B31.5 โ Refrigeration Pipe
ASME B31.8 โ Gas Transmission and distribution piping System
ASME B31.9 โ Building Service Piping
ASME B31.12 โ Hydrogen piping and Pipelines
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# ASME B31.1 โ Power Piping
* Electric power generating station, in industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and central and district heating and cooling systems.
* Only external boiler piping with high temperature, high pressure water boilers.
* Steam or Vapour generated at a pressure of more than 15 psi
* High temperature water is generated at pressure exceeding 160 psi
* Temperature exceeding 120 degree Celsius.
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# ASME B31.3 โ Process Piping
Petroleum refineries, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants, and related processing plants and terminals that handles various fluids including hydrocarbon liquids and gases.
Q . What are the most commonly used ASME Sections?
ASME Section 1: Rules for construction of power boiler.
ASME Section 2: Material
Part A โ Ferrous Material
Part B โ Non-Ferrous Material
Part C โ Specification for electrodes and filler wire.
Part D โ Properties
ASME Section 3: Rules for construction of heating boiler
ASME Section 4: Non-destructive examination.
ASME Section 5: Recommended rules for care and operation of heating boiler.
ASME Section 6: Recommended guidelines for care of power boiler.
ASME Section 7: Rules for construction of pressure vessels.(Division 1,2,3)
ASME Section 8: Welding and Brazing qualification.
Q. Which code and standard are used to select pipe ?
Pipe :
ASME B31.1 โ Power Piping
ASME B31.3 โ Process Piping
ASME B36.10 โ Welded and Seamless wrought iron pipes
ASME B36.19 โ Stainless steel pipes.
API 5L โ Specification of Line pipe
Piping Related Questions and Answers
Q. Which code and standard are used to select buttweld fitting ?
Buttweld fitting:
*ASME B16.9 โ Which is Standard for factory made Wrought Butt welding fittings for size NPS ยฝ to NPS 48โณ
*ASME B16.28 โ Which is standard for Wrought steel butt welding short radius elbow and returns for size NPS ยฝ to NPS 24โณ
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Q. Which code and standard are used to select flanges?
Flanges:
*Materials โ ASME B16.5 and B16.47.
*ASME B16.5 โ Pipe Flanges and flanged fitting that covers flanges size from NPS ยฝโ to 24โณ
*ASME B16.47 โ Large Diameter Steel flanges that covers flanges sizes from NPS 26โณ to 60โณ
*ASME B16.1 โ Cast iron pipes flanges and flanged fittings.
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Q. Which code and standard are used to select gasket?
Gasket:
*ASME B16.20 is a standard for metallic gaskets for pipe flanges โ spiral wound, Octagonal ring joint and jacketed flanges.
*ASME B16.21 is a standard for non-metallic gasket.
Piping Related Questions and Answers
Q. Which code and standard are used to select socket and threaded fitting?
Socket and Threaded fittings:
*ASME B16.11 is a standard for forged steel socket welding and threaded fittings.
Piping Related Questions and Answers
Q. Which code and standard are used to select valves?
Valves:
*ASME B16.10 covers face-to-face and end-to-end dimensions of ferrous valves
*ASME B16.5 covers dimension for flanged valve.
*API 6D is used to design valve that used in transportation pipeline
*API STD 600 โ Bolted Bonnet Steel Gate Valves
*API STD 602 โ Compact Steel Gate Valves
*API STD 594 โ Check Valves
*API STD 599 โ Metal plug Valves
*API STD 609 โ Butterfly Valves
*API STD 526 โ Flanged Steel Pressure Relief Valves
*API STD 598 โ Cover inspection, examination, supplementary examinations, and pressure test requirements for resilient-seated, nonmetallic-seated (ex- ceramic),and-metal to-metal-seated valves of the gate, globe, plug, ball, check, and butterfly types.
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Q. What are the commonly used material for pipes?
*Carbon steel : ASTM A53 Gr. A/B, ASTM A106 Gr. A/B/C, ASTM A333 Gr.1/Gr.6
*Alloy Steel : ASTM A335 Gr.P1/P2/P5/P7/P9/P11/P12/P22.
*Stainless Steel: ASTM A312TP304/TP304L/TP304H/TP308/TP310/TP316/TP316L/TP316H/TP317/TP321/TP321H/TP347/TP347H/TP348/TP348H.
*Nickel Steel: ASTM A333Gr.3/Gr.8.
Read this .. What is Process piping
Q. What are the commonly used material for tubes?
*Carbon steel : ASTM A178/179/192,ASTM A334 Gr.1/6.
*Alloy Steel : ASTM A161T1, ASTM A213T1/T2/T5/T7/T9/T11/T12/T22.
*Stainless Steel: ASTM A213TP304/TP304L/TP304H/TP310/TP316/TP316L/TP316H/TP317/TP321/TP321H/TP347/TP347H/TP348/TP348H,ASTM A608 HK40.
*Nickel Steel: ASTM A334Gr.3/Gr.8.
Q. What are the commonly used material for Wrought Iron fittings?
*Carbon steel : ASTM A234Gr.WPA/B,ASTM A420 Gr.WPL6.
*Alloy Steel : ASTM A234 WP1/WP5/WP7/WP9/WP11/Wp12/WP22.
*Stainless Steel: ASTM A403 WP304/WP304L/WP304H/WP309/WP310/WP316/WP316L/WP316H/WP317/WP321/WP321H/WP347/WP347H/WP348.
*Nickel Steel: ASTM A420WPL6/WPL8.
Piping Related Questions and Answers
Q. What are the commonly used material for forged fittings?
*Carbon steel : ASTM A181, ASTM A105, ASTM A350 LF1/2.
*Alloy Steel : ASTM A182F1/F2/F5/F7/F9/F11/F12/F22.
*Stainless Steel: ASTM A182F6/F304/F304L/F304H/F310/F316/F316L/F316H/F321/F321H/F347/F347H/F348.
*Nickel Steel: ASTM A350 LF3, ASTM A522.
Piping Related Questions and Answers
Q. What are the commonly used material for plates?
*Carbon steel : ASTM A285, ASTM A515, ASTM A516.
*Alloy Steel : ASTM A387 Gr.2/Gr5/Gr.7/Gr.9/Gr.11/Gr.12/Gr.22.
*Stainless Steel: ASTM A240 TP410/TP405/TP430/TP304/TP304L/TP309/TP310S/TP316/TP316L/TP317/TP321/TP347/TP348.
*Nickel Steel: ASTM A203 Gr. D/Gr .E , ASTM A353.
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Q. What is the basic different between ASTM A106 Gr.A/ Gr.B/ Gr.C?
* Maximum % of Carbon content in
*ASTM A106 Gr. A โ 0.25 %
*ASTM A106 Gr. B โ 0.30 %
*ASTM A106 Gr. C โ 0.35 %
Q. What is the basic different between ASTM A312 TP 304, TP304H and TP 304L ?
* Maximum % of carbon content in
*ASTM A312 TP304 โ 0.08 %
*ASTM A312 TP304L โ 0.035 %
*ASTM A312 TP304H โ 0.04% โ 0.1%
Q. What is Low Alloy steel and high Alloy Steel ?
* Low Alloy โ Sum of total Alloying element is <5% (less than)
* High Alloy โ Sum of total Alloying elements is > 5% (more than)
Q. Different types of Flange classes?
* Flange Rating: 150#, 300#, 400#, 600#, 900#,1500# and 2500#
* 24โณ to 60โณ are available up to 900# class.
Q. types of Flange used in piping?
1. Slip-on flange
2. Welding neck flange
3. Socket Welding flange
4. threaded flange
5. Lap joint flange
6. Blind flange
Q. Different between flat face and raised face flange?
Flat face โ means flange face will be flat. generally it is used in water pipeline.it is used for temporary piping connection. commonly non metallic gasket is used in this flange.
Raised face โ Flange face will be raised. this is why it called raised face flange. Commonly spiral wound gasket is used in this flange. raised face flange used in high temperature and pressure application.
RTJ Face Flange โ RTJ face flange has a special types of groove.
it is used for very high pressure and high temperature line.
Piping Related Questions and Answers
Read this .. Pipe and Pipe Classification in detail
Q. What is the height of the face in the raised face flange?
*150# and 300# โ 1/6โณ = 4.25 mm
*Above 300# โ 1/4โณ = 6.35 mm
Piping Related Questions and Answers
Q. What types of serration are use on flange face?
1. Spiral Serrated
2. Concentric Serrated
Q. What is AARH and RMS?
*Serration Specified in
RMS (Root Mean Square)
AARH(Arithmetic Average Rough Height)
Most common range 120-250 AARH
Q. How many types of gaskets are used in piping?
* Non Metallic gaskets
1. compressed non-Asbestos Fiber
2. PTFE Gasket
3. Rubber Gasket
* Metallic โ Ring Gasket
1. Oval Ring Gasket
2. Octagonal Ring gasket
* Composite
1. Spiral Wound gasket
2. Camprofile Gasket
3. Metal jacketed Exchanger
Q. What is most commonly used gasket material for temporary piping?
CNAF- Compressed Non-Asbestos Fiber Gasket
Q. Which is most commonly used gasket types for process piping?
Spiral Wound Gasket
Q. Which types of gasket is used for high pressure piping?
Metallic Gasket โ Ring Type Gasket (RTJ)
Q. What are the criteria for selection of gasket?
Compatibility
Temperature
Pressure
Corrosion Resistance
Types of Fluid
Robustness
Availability
Cost
Piping Related Questions and Answers
Q. Can you explain some properties of gasket material?
Impermeability
Compressibility
Stress relaxation( creep resistance)
Resilience
Chemical Resistance
Temperature resistance
Anti stick
Anti corrosion
Piping Related Questions and Answers
Q. What are the most common materials used for winding and filler in spiral wound metallic gasket?
*Winding
SS304 (stainless steel)
SS316
SS321
*Filler
Graphite
PTFE
Ceramic
Piping Related Questions and Answers
Q. How to identify the type of winding material in spiral wound gasket?
Q. On which type of flanges, use of spiral wound gasket are restricted by code?
Class 150# โ can only be used with
*Weld neck
*Lap joint
Piping Related Questions and Answers
Q. What type of gasket is used in heat exchanger?
Metal jacketed
Read this.. Types of flanges and its used
Q. When is low strength carbon steel bolting used?
*Low Strength Bolting:
Low Pressure temperature and non metallic flanges
*High Strength Bolting
Above 200 degrees centigrade or below โ 28 degree centigrade
Piping Related Questions and Answers
Q. When carbon steel materials shall used and when alloy steel material shall be used ?
Carbon Steel : up to 425 degree centigrade
Alloy Steel : Above 426 degree centigrade
Stainless steel: For corrosive services
Q. When are galvanized pipe used?
Potable water
Instrument air
Plant air
Q. From which size onward nominal bore of a pipe is equal to outside diameter of pipe?
14โณ and above OD = SIZE
Q. What should be the radius of a long radius and short radius elbow?
Long Radius = 1.5D
Short Radius = 1D
Q. When long radius and short radius elbow are used?
Short Radius Elbow: Constrained Space
Long Radius Elbow: Frequent Direction Change , Long distance fluid transport
Q. Normally where do we use eccentric reducers and concentric reducers?
*Eccentric Reducer : Horizontal line where the bottom elevation of a pipe is to be maintained, it is used in suction line with flat side up.
* Eccentric reducer: Vertical line where the center of the pipeline is to be maintained
Q. From which side of pipe will you take a branch connection?
Bottom side โ liquid fluid
top side- Gas, Air, Steam, and Cryogenic Service( it is preferred option it is not mandatory)
Q. Why do we provide high point Vent (HPV) and low point vent drain (LPD) in piping?
High point vent : Remove air from the line
Low point drain : Drain the liquid from line.
Q. What is the difference between a machine bolt and stud bolt?
Machine bolt : hexagonal bolt is machine bolt.
Stud Bolt: without head bolt is called stud bolt
Q. What is the thumb rule to calculate spanner size for a given bolt?
Spanner size: 1.5 Times of the diameter of bolt
Q. which piping item will you drop down before conducting flushing and hydrotest?
Control valve
Orifice plates
rotameters
Safety Valves
Thermowells
Q. Why do we provide a dampener in the piping of reciprocating pump?
to protect pipeline from pulsation
Q. What should be the relative hardness between the RTJ gasket and Flange groove?
The hardness of gasket = 20-50 BHN less than the flange.
Q. Why do we provide Drip Leg in Steam Line?
*to prevent water hammer inside the line
*to remove condensate from line.
Piping Related Questions and Answers
Q. what is the minimum distance to be maintained between two welds in a pipe?
Main 1D distance of pipe.
but if you cannot maintain 1D by any reason.
then it should be never be closer than 1ยฝ inch.
or can be maintain 4 times of pipe thickness.
Q. What are the different types of insulation used in piping?
1. cold insulation
(a) Thermocol or expended polystyrene (EPS)
(b) Polyurethane Foam
(c) Polyisocyanurate foam
(d) Foam Glass
2. hot insulation material..
(a) mineral wool
(b) glass wool
(c) Calcium silicate
(d) Ceramic fiber
(e) foam glass
Q. What is the different between GRE and GRP pipe?
GRE: Glass fiber Reinforced Epoxy
GRP: Glass fiber Reinforced Plastic
Piping Related Questions and Answers
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